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Up-to-date content, guides, and expert analyses from the global business world.

VAT Registration for Non-Resident EU Companies: OSS vs Local VAT Number
Tax Optimization7 min

VAT Registration for Non-Resident EU Companies: OSS vs Local VAT Number

A decision framework for foreign companies: taxable-country mapping, local VAT numbers, OSS scope and refund routes.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Turkey Citizenship by Investment Interview and Due Diligence: What to Expect
Citizenship by Investment6 min

Turkey Citizenship by Investment Interview and Due Diligence: What to Expect

A practical 2026 guide to what public Turkish sources say about interviews, evidence checks and due diligence in a citizenship-by-investment file.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Turkey Liaison Office: When It Works and When a Company Is Required
Company Formation8 min

Turkey Liaison Office: When It Works and When a Company Is Required

A practical 2026 test for choosing a Turkey liaison office, branch or company before local trading begins.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Lithuania UAB vs MB: Choosing a Company Type as a Foreign Founder
Company Formation8 min

Lithuania UAB vs MB: Choosing a Company Type as a Foreign Founder

A practical decision guide for foreign founders choosing between a Lithuanian UAB and MB: ownership limits, capital, registration, banking and the next operational steps.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Germany UG vs Estonia OÜ: Best EU SaaS Structure?
Company Formation7 min

Germany UG vs Estonia OÜ: Best EU SaaS Structure?

Compare a Germany UG and Estonia OÜ for a SaaS business: capital, management, profit timing and compliance choices.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Foreign Company Invoice Compliance: VAT Numbers, Language and Record Retention
Independent Audit and Compliance7 min

Foreign Company Invoice Compliance: VAT Numbers, Language and Record Retention

A practical control guide for foreign companies issuing cross-border invoices: VAT numbers, invoice wording, language decisions and record retention.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
Customs Commodity Codes: Cost and Delay Risks
Import and Export7 min

Customs Commodity Codes: Cost and Delay Risks

Wrong commodity codes distort duty, VAT and product-control assumptions. Build a defensible classification file before the order ships.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
August 1, 2026
EU Posted Worker Rules: When a Business Trip Becomes a Compliance File
Payroll and Temporary Employment7 min

EU Posted Worker Rules: When a Business Trip Becomes a Compliance File

Learn when an EU business trip becomes a posted-worker assignment, which files matter, and why 12, 18 and 24 months are different clocks.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Turkey Forging Suppliers: Material Traceability and Quality Documentation
Production and Manufacturing8 min

Turkey Forging Suppliers: Material Traceability and Quality Documentation

A buyer-side checklist for tying forged parts to material, process and release records before production orders are placed in Turkey.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Permanent Establishment Risk for Remote Teams: Where Profits Can Be Taxed
Tax Optimization7 min

Permanent Establishment Risk for Remote Teams: Where Profits Can Be Taxed

Remote teams can create corporate-tax exposure. Learn how PE risk affects where profits are taxed and what to review before a cross-border role becomes permanent.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Germany Skilled Worker Visa Checklist 2026
Residence Permit7 min

Germany Skilled Worker Visa Checklist 2026

A 2026 checklist for Germany’s skilled worker routes: recognition, salary, employer documents, and the sequence that keeps a visa file moving.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Turkey Branch Office vs Subsidiary: Foreign Company Entry
Company Formation5 min

Turkey Branch Office vs Subsidiary: Foreign Company Entry

Compare a Turkish branch and subsidiary before market entry: legal separation, documents, MERSIS filing, governance and profit-transfer questions.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Dutch BV Registered Address: What Non-Resident Founders Need
Company Formation7 min

Dutch BV Registered Address: What Non-Resident Founders Need

What a non-resident founder must separate: business visiting address, postal address, foreign home address and proof of use.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Turkey CBI Property vs Bank Deposit: Risk, Liquidity and Process Comparison
Citizenship by Investment6 min

Turkey CBI Property vs Bank Deposit: Risk, Liquidity and Process Comparison

Compare the property and bank-deposit Turkey CBI routes through risk, liquidity, evidence and the three-year commitment.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Cross-Border Contract Compliance: Governing Law, Signatures and Authority
Independent Audit and Compliance6 min

Cross-Border Contract Compliance: Governing Law, Signatures and Authority

A practical control guide for choosing law, confirming signing authority and retaining reliable execution evidence.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
EU VAT OSS for Ecommerce: When One Registration Can Simplify Sales
Import and Export6 min

EU VAT OSS for Ecommerce: When One Registration Can Simplify Sales

Know when EU VAT OSS consolidates ecommerce reporting, and when stock or local activity still calls for a local VAT registration.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 31, 2026
Paying Remote Workers in Multiple Countries: Entity, EOR and Contractor Routes
Payroll and Temporary Employment8 min

Paying Remote Workers in Multiple Countries: Entity, EOR and Contractor Routes

Remote pay routes for multi-country teams: entity, EOR and contractor decisions, classification checks, payroll controls and mobility review.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Turkey Die Casting Manufacturers: Audit, Tooling and QC
Production and Manufacturing7 min

Turkey Die Casting Manufacturers: Audit, Tooling and QC

A buyer-focused process for qualifying Turkish die casting suppliers before tooling money and production commitments.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
CFC Rules for Founders: When an Offshore Company Creates Home-Country Tax
Tax Optimization7 min

CFC Rules for Founders: When an Offshore Company Creates Home-Country Tax

A foreign company can create home-country tax before dividends. See the control, low-tax, income and substance questions founders must map.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Turkey CBI for Saudi Citizens: Travel, Banking and Property File Checklist
Citizenship by Investment8 min

Turkey CBI for Saudi Citizens: Travel, Banking and Property File Checklist

Saudi families use the standard Turkey CBI rules. This checklist keeps travel logistics, property selection and the banking evidence trail in the right order.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Estonia Startup Visa vs e-Residency: Choosing the Right Founder Path
Residence Permit7 min

Estonia Startup Visa vs e-Residency: Choosing the Right Founder Path

Choose the Estonia founder route that matches where you work, what you are building, and whether you need immigration status.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Turkey Company Director Rules for Non-Resident Founders
Company Formation7 min

Turkey Company Director Rules for Non-Resident Founders

Can a non-resident founder manage a Turkish company? Learn the A.S. board and Ltd. Sti. manager rules, MERSIS filing and sector checks.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Germany Company Formation from Abroad: Notary, Bank and Trade Office Sequence
Company Formation8 min

Germany Company Formation from Abroad: Notary, Bank and Trade Office Sequence

Notary, bank, commercial register and trade-office sequence for foreign founders setting up a German GmbH.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026
Data Protection for International Companies: Controller, Processor and Vendor Checks
Independent Audit and Compliance8 min

Data Protection for International Companies: Controller, Processor and Vendor Checks

A practical GDPR role, processor agreement and vendor-check framework for international companies.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 30, 2026

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