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Citizenship by Investment for U.S. Citizens: Tax Notes 2026
Tax Optimization7 min

Citizenship by Investment for U.S. Citizens: Tax Notes 2026

A second passport can widen mobility for U.S. citizens, but it does not switch off IRS filing, FBAR, FATCA, or expatriation planning. Here is the 2026 tax reality.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Documentation Needed for International Shipments in 2026
Import and Export7 min

Documentation Needed for International Shipments in 2026

A practical 2026 checklist for the invoice, customs data, EORI numbers, licences, and record file that keep international shipments moving.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Estonia's Tax Treaties: How to Avoid Double Taxation
Tax Optimization7 min

Estonia's Tax Treaties: How to Avoid Double Taxation

A practical 2026 guide to Estonia tax treaties, residency, certificates, and the steps that actually prevent double taxation.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Cyprus Company Formation: Benefits and Process
Company Formation7 min

Cyprus Company Formation: Benefits and Process

A 2026 guide to Cyprus company formation covering the real benefits, the official filing path, fees, tax registration, and annual compliance steps.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Earn-Outs and Deferred Consideration in Estonian Deals
Company Formation7 min

Earn-Outs and Deferred Consideration in Estonian Deals

A 2026 guide to earn-outs and deferred consideration in Estonian deals: when to use them, what the SPA must define, and where tax and reporting change the argument.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
The OECD Global Minimum Tax: What SMEs Should Know
Tax Optimization7 min

The OECD Global Minimum Tax: What SMEs Should Know

Most stand-alone SMEs are below Pillar Two. The real question is whether your business sits inside a large group, sells into one, or needs cleaner tax data before investors ask for it.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Foreign Investment Approvals for M&A in Turkey: Rules
Company Formation8 min

Foreign Investment Approvals for M&A in Turkey: Rules

A practical 2026 guide to foreign investment approvals for Turkish M&A, from equal-treatment rules to merger-control thresholds and deal timing.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Netherlands DAFT Visa for US Entrepreneurs
Residence Permit7 min

Netherlands DAFT Visa for US Entrepreneurs

A practical 2026 guide to the Dutch DAFT route for US entrepreneurs, covering what the official Dutch sources actually say, the MVV exemption, KVK registration, BSN, and first-year compliance.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Turkish Company Formation for Russian Entrepreneurs in 2026
Company Formation8 min

Turkish Company Formation for Russian Entrepreneurs in 2026

A practical 2026 guide for Russian entrepreneurs on opening a Turkish company, covering ownership, capital, MERSIS, tax number sequencing, and the delays that appear in real files.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 29, 2026
Estonia for E-commerce Sellers: A Company Setup Guide
Company Formation8 min

Estonia for E-commerce Sellers: A Company Setup Guide

A practical 2026 guide to using an Estonian OÜ for e-commerce, with the official setup cost, VAT threshold, OSS logic, payment-account reality, and the reporting calendar.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Turkey Citizenship by Investment for Lebanese Nationals 2026
Citizenship by Investment8 min

Turkey Citizenship by Investment for Lebanese Nationals 2026

A practical 2026 guide for Lebanese nationals on Turkish citizenship by investment, the official thresholds, the bank-transfer step, and the document issues that slow files down.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Common Compliance Mistakes That Trigger Penalties in 2026
Independent Audit and Compliance8 min

Common Compliance Mistakes That Trigger Penalties in 2026

A practical 2026 guide to the routine compliance mistakes that still trigger penalties, from late filings and stale PSC records to weak AML files.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Social Security Contributions for Cross-Border Hires in 2026
Payroll and Temporary Employment8 min

Social Security Contributions for Cross-Border Hires in 2026

A practical 2026 guide to social security contributions for cross-border hires, from worker status and payroll setup to mobility and posted-worker risk.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
The Cheapest Citizenship by Investment Programs in 2026
Citizenship by Investment7 min

The Cheapest Citizenship by Investment Programs in 2026

A current official-source comparison of the cheapest citizenship by investment programs in 2026, including family pricing and fee traps.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Sea vs Air Freight: How to Choose in 2026
Import and Export7 min

Sea vs Air Freight: How to Choose in 2026

A practical 2026 guide to choosing sea or air freight by urgency, margin, stock risk, customs setup, and delivery terms.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Social Tax and Contributions in Estonia in 2026
Tax Optimization7 min

Social Tax and Contributions in Estonia in 2026

Estonia payroll starts with a few hard numbers: 33% social tax, an 886 euro monthly minimum base, unemployment insurance at 1.6% and 0.8%, and funded pension at 2%, 4% or 6%.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Food and Beverage Co-Packing in Turkey
Production and Manufacturing6 min

Food and Beverage Co-Packing in Turkey

Turkey can work very well for food and beverage co-packing, but only when the buyer locks the product brief, hygiene scope, packaging file, and audit plan before sample approval.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Netherlands BV formation guide for 2026
Company Formation7 min

Netherlands BV formation guide for 2026

A practical 2026 guide to forming a Dutch BV, covering the notary step, KVK registration, Dutch address, UBO filing, and the first tax obligations.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Buying an Estonian E-commerce Business in 2026
Company Formation7 min

Buying an Estonian E-commerce Business in 2026

A practical 2026 guide to buying an Estonian e-commerce business, from register checks and tax review to platform transfer and post-closing control.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Substance Requirements for Offshore Companies
Tax Optimization7 min

Substance Requirements for Offshore Companies

Offshore companies now need a defensible operating story. In 2026, substance means local decision-making, core activity, real oversight, and a file that survives home-country tax review.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Turkish Competition Authority Merger Approval Thresholds
Company Formation8 min

Turkish Competition Authority Merger Approval Thresholds

A practical 2026 guide to Turkey merger approval thresholds, the new TL 1bn, TL 3bn and TL 9bn numbers, and the special rule for tech undertakings.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant Visa Guide
Residence Permit7 min

Netherlands Highly Skilled Migrant Visa Guide

A practical June 2026 guide to the Dutch highly skilled migrant route, covering recognised sponsors, salary thresholds, MVV timing, and decision speed.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 28, 2026
Registered Office and Virtual Office Options for Turkish Companies
Company Formation7 min

Registered Office and Virtual Office Options for Turkish Companies

A practical 2026 guide to what Turkish company files really need from an address, when a virtual office can work, and when a dedicated office is the safer call.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 27, 2026
Estonia for Freelancers and Solopreneurs: Is an OÜ Worth It?
Company Formation8 min

Estonia for Freelancers and Solopreneurs: Is an OÜ Worth It?

A practical 2026 guide for freelancers and solopreneurs weighing an Estonian OÜ, with costs, tax timing, banking reality, and the cases where it is not worth it.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
June 27, 2026

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