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Up-to-date content, guides, and expert analyses from the global business world.

Spain Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Income, Documents and Family Route
Residence Permit8 min

Spain Digital Nomad Visa 2026: Income, Documents and Family Route

Spain digital nomad visa 2026: income formula, documents, family additions, social security and visa versus residence authorisation.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 18, 2026
Turkey Company Formation Cost in 2026: Limited Company Budget for Foreigners
Company Formation8 min

Turkey Company Formation Cost in 2026: Limited Company Budget for Foreigners

A practical 2026 budget for a foreign founder forming a Turkish limited company, separating capital, registry items, professional work and operating runway.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 18, 2026
Estonia Company Formation Cost in 2026: Complete Foreign Founder Budget
Company Formation7 min

Estonia Company Formation Cost in 2026: Complete Foreign Founder Budget

A practical 2026 budget for foreign founders: Estonia e-Residency, OÜ registration, contact person, accounting, banking and ongoing compliance costs.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 18, 2026
Turkey Company Formation: 2026 Legal and Tax Changes to Know
Company Formation7 min

Turkey Company Formation: 2026 Legal and Tax Changes to Know

Turkey company formation in 2026: current minimum capital, MERSIS filing steps and tax-planning points foreign founders should separate.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Estonia Company Formation: 2026 Regulatory Updates
Company Formation7 min

Estonia Company Formation: 2026 Regulatory Updates

A practical 2026 check of Estonia OÜ registration, VAT, dividends, annual reports and founder tax-residence risks.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Turkey Citizenship by Investment: 2026 Legal Updates and Changes
Citizenship by Investment6 min

Turkey Citizenship by Investment: 2026 Legal Updates and Changes

A practical 2026 check of Turkey citizenship by investment rules, route thresholds, the three-year commitment and the documents that need to line up.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Social Security (SGK) Registration for Turkish Company Owners
Payroll and Temporary Employment5 min

Social Security (SGK) Registration for Turkish Company Owners

A practical guide to separating an owner's 4/b position from an employer's 4/a registration and payroll duties in Türkiye.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Estonian Digital Signatures and How to Use Them
Company Formation7 min

Estonian Digital Signatures and How to Use Them

A practical 2026 guide to what Estonian digital signatures prove, how to use them, and what to retain for company documents.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
After Turkish Citizenship: Getting Your ID, Passport and Tax Number
Citizenship by Investment7 min

After Turkish Citizenship: Getting Your ID, Passport and Tax Number

A practical post-citizenship checklist for the Turkish ID card, passport appointment and tax-record handover. Keep each authority and identifier separate.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Turkish Company Formation: Choosing Your NACE Activity Codes
Company Formation7 min

Turkish Company Formation: Choosing Your NACE Activity Codes

Choose NACE activity codes that match the company you will actually run, then align the articles, MERSIS filing and sector permits before registration.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Renewing Your Estonian e-Residency Card
Residence Permit6 min

Renewing Your Estonian e-Residency Card

A practical 2026 guide to renewing an Estonian e-Residency digital ID: timing, the €150 fee, compliance checks and collection planning.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Turkey CBI: The Title Deed (Tapu) Process for Foreign Investors
Citizenship by Investment6 min

Turkey CBI: The Title Deed (Tapu) Process for Foreign Investors

A practical guide to the Turkish CBI Tapu process, including the three-year restriction, foreign-exchange purchase certificate and bank-transfer evidence.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Istanbul vs Ankara vs Izmir: Where to Register a Company?
Company Formation7 min

Istanbul vs Ankara vs Izmir: Where to Register a Company?

Choose a Turkish company address by operating reality, not city prestige. Compare Istanbul, Ankara and Izmir before filing.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Estonia vs Ireland for Tech Startups: A Comparison
Company Formation7 min

Estonia vs Ireland for Tech Startups: A Comparison

Estonia and Ireland solve different startup problems. Compare incorporation, tax timing, founder access, and operating reality before choosing a base.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Opening a Turkish Bank Account for Citizenship Investment
Citizenship by Investment7 min

Opening a Turkish Bank Account for Citizenship Investment

A practical 2026 guide to the banking file, payment trail, and evidence needed around a Turkish citizenship-by-investment route.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 17, 2026
Can You Form a Turkish Company Fully Remotely?
Company Formation6 min

Can You Form a Turkish Company Fully Remotely?

A remote Turkish company formation route is possible, but MERSİS, formal documents, representation and banking are separate steps.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Estonia vs Cyprus for Holding Companies: A Comparison
Company Formation7 min

Estonia vs Cyprus for Holding Companies: A Comparison

Compare Estonia and Cyprus for a holding company: tax timing, management, exemptions and the questions to test before incorporation.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Turkish CBI: Working With a Licensed Agency
Citizenship by Investment7 min

Turkish CBI: Working With a Licensed Agency

How to vet a Turkish CBI agency, control documents and keep the official evidence trail clear.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Notary and Apostille for Turkish Company Setup
Company Formation7 min

Notary and Apostille for Turkish Company Setup

Avoid document delays when forming a Turkish company. Learn the official authentication, translation and registry sequence for foreign founders.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Estonia vs Lithuania for Company Formation
Company Formation3 min

Estonia vs Lithuania for Company Formation

A practical 2026 comparison of an Estonian OÜ and a Lithuanian UAB, focused on setup path, ongoing administration and founder fit.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
How the Turkish Lira Affects Your CBI Investment
Citizenship by Investment6 min

How the Turkish Lira Affects Your CBI Investment

The CBI threshold is set in USD, but property pricing, conversion evidence and cash planning still run through TRY.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Turkish Company Formation Timeline: How Fast Can You Launch?
Company Formation7 min

Turkish Company Formation Timeline: How Fast Can You Launch?

A realistic Turkish company formation timeline: MERSIS, Trade Registry, capital and the steps that sit around same-day registration.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Selling Your Estonian OÜ: Share Transfers Explained
Company Formation6 min

Selling Your Estonian OÜ: Share Transfers Explained

A 2026 guide to selling an Estonian OÜ, from pre-emption rights and notarisation to register completion.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026
Turkey CBI for U.S. citizens: tax and reporting considerations
Tax Optimization8 min

Turkey CBI for U.S. citizens: tax and reporting considerations

Turkey CBI for U.S. citizens in 2026: official route facts, IRS filing, FBAR, FATCA, and expatriation questions to review.

Berk Tüzel
Berk Tüzel
July 16, 2026

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